美国在油价暴跌期间失去10万个油气工作岗位

原标题：美国在油价暴跌期间失去10万个油气工作岗位

    中国石化新闻网讯 据美国钻井网站2020年6月15日报道，根据挪威能源研究和商业情报公司雷斯塔能源公司（Rystad Energy）对美国劳工统计局公布的最新统计数据的分析，美国石油和天然气市场是受最近经济衰退影响最严重的市场之一。据雷斯塔能源公司称，美国油气行业在油价暴跌期间已经失去了超过10万个工作岗位，其中大部分来自于支持活动市场。

    数据显示，受油价暴跌影响最大的4个油气部门分别是：

    •支持油气业务活动部门，新增工作岗位从疫情爆发前的23.355万个减少到4.455万个，

    •管道、天然气及相关建设部门，工作岗位从22.7万个减少到1.6万个，

    •钻探油气井部门，工作岗位从7.945万个减少到1.345万个，

    •石油和天然气开采部门，工作岗位从15.66万个岗位减少到9600个。

    雷斯塔能源公司在其分析中包括了更多油气产业链的组成部分，并独立估计到目前为止裁员总数将超过10万人。雷斯塔能源公司的数据显示，在上述4个部门中，支持活动部门受到的打击最大，比2月份疫情爆发前的水平下降了20%。

    雷斯塔能源公司负责能源服务研究的副总裁Matthew Fitzsimmons称，“裁员主要是由于国内石油需求急剧萎缩导致油价暴跌和供需失衡。”“为了应对疲软的需求，运营商和服务提供商都在疯狂裁员。”

    除了应对正在进行的工作带来的安全风险外，各大运营商还推迟或取消了新设施建设。

    雷斯塔能源公司在一份书面声明中称：“仅在路易斯安那州，今年计划的LNG投资的40%多投资已被推迟或取消。建筑劳动力需求的复苏可能需要一段时间，因为推迟意味着工程建设项目将错过天气窗口。此外，服务企业脆弱的金融稳定性可能会让他们在形势好转时无法迅速增加招聘。”

    雷斯塔能源公司估计，由于各油气公司在“新常态”的石油市场中调整投资规模，公司将大幅削减薪酬。据雷斯塔能源公司估计，到明年，各行各业的工资很可能至少会下降8%-10%。

    Fitzsimmons 说：“总的说来，裁员对油田服务行业的影响将大于勘探和生产企业。由于经济低迷，油田服务行业可能会看到超过20%的页岩、陆上和海上员工被裁减。当其他行业开始看到劳动力需求走上复苏之路时，然而对油气行业劳动者而言，要看到需求增加，将被迫将再次等待更长时间。

    李峻 编译自 美国钻井网站

    原文如下：

    Rystad Says Over 100K US Oil, Gas Jobs Lost Amid Oil Slump

    The U.S. oil and gas labor market is one of the world’s most severely impacted by the latest economic downturn, according to recent Rystad Energy analysis of the latest US BLS labor data. According the firm, over 100,000 jobs in the sector have already been lost, with most of them coming from the support activities market.

    The data shows the four oil and gas segments most affected are:

    •Support activities for oil and gas operations (44,550 jobs cut from a pre-Covid-19 level of 233,550)

    •Pipeline and gas and related construction (16,000 jobs cut from 227,000)

    •Drilling of oil and gas wells (13,450 jobs cut from 79,450) and

    •Oil and gas extraction (9,600 jobs cut from 156,600)

    In its analysis Rystad Energy included more components of the oil and gas industry chain and is independently estimating the total job cuts to exceed 100,000 to date. Of the four segments above, the support activities segment took the biggest hit, slumping 20% compared to February’s pre-Covid-19 levels, according to Rystad.

    “The job cuts can be attributed mainly to the nosediving oil prices driven by a sharp contraction in domestic oil demand, which has resulted in an unprecedented demand-supply imbalance,” said Rystad Energy’s Vice President, Energy Service Research, Matthew Fitzsimmons. “In response to the weakened demand, operators and service providers alike have been frantically cutting jobs.”

    On top of navigating the safety risks with ongoing work, various large operators have also been delaying or cancelling new facility construction.

    “In Louisiana alone, more than 40% of liquefied natural gas (LNG) investments scheduled for this year have been postponed or canceled,” Rystad said in a written statement. “A revival in construction labor demand may take some time as delays mean weather windows for construction will be missed. In addition, the weak financial stability of service companies may leave them unable to ramp up hiring fast when conditions improve.”

    The firm also expects to see deep pay cuts as companies work to right-size in the “new normal” oil market. According to Rystad estimates, wages for various trades will likely fall by at least 8% to 10% moving into next year.

    “Overall, the impact of the job cuts would be greater for the oilfield services sector than for exploration and production companies. OFS companies are likely to see more than 20% of its shale, onshore and offshore workforce combined cut by the downturn. While other industries have started to see labor demand embark on a road to recovery, oil and gas workers will have to wait longer for demand to increase,” Fitzsimmons said.